Hypochlorous acid is a more effective disinfectant than hypochlorite ions, so solutions with a higher concentration of HOCl are generally more effective at killing microorganisms. However, hypochlorite ions are more stable than HOCl, so solutions with a higher concentration of OCl- have a longer shelf life.

Sodium hypochlorite is commonly used as a disinfectant in many industries, including healthcare, food processing, and water treatment. It is also used as a household bleach. The effectiveness of sodium hypochlorite as a disinfectant on its concentration, contact time, and the of microorganisms present.